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1. Preparing the food.
Seal the food by coating with flour, egg and
breadcrumbs or batter. Do not use a basket with
batter coated foods as they will stick.
2. Amount of oil.
For safety purposes fill the pan only one-third full
of oil.
3. Testing the temperature of the oil.
It is advisable to use a thermometer to test the
temperature of the oil. Alternatively, drop a small
cube of bread into the oil which should brown in
just under a minute if the oil is at the correct
temperature of 190°C/375°F.
4. Cooking the food.
Lower the food gently into the oil. Do not add too
much food at once or the temperature of the oil
will be reduced and may result in soggy, greasy
food.
Turn the food if necessary; doughnuts float to the
surface so will not brown on the upperside if not
turned. Once cooked, drain the food on
absorbent paper.
5. Double frying chips.
Double frying will ensure good chips. First fry the
chips for a few minutes at 170°C/340°F to seal
the outside. Remove the chips from the oil.
Increase the temperature of the oil to
190°C/375°F to finish cooking and brown the
chips.
Chips may be kept for several hours after the first
frying before finishing off with the second frying.
6. Frying temperatures
Celsius Fahrenheit
Scale (
o
C) Scale (
o
F)
150 300
First frying of potatoes 170 340
175 350
180 360
Second frying of potatoes 190 375
Frying chicken and fish 195 380
200 390
PRESERVING
1. DO NOT use a pan that overlaps the perimeter of
the hob trim.
2. To allow for a full rolling boil, the pan should be
no more than one third full when all the
ingredients have been added. It is better to use
two pans rather than overfill one, or use half
quantities.
3. Use firm fruit or vegetables and wash well before
using.
4. Preserving sugar gives clear jam, however
granulated sugar is cheaper and gives equally
good flavour.
5. Crystallization may be caused if sugar is not
completely dissolved before bringing jam to the
boil. Over boiling will affect the flavour, setting
properties and colour of the jam.
6. To test jam for setting:
If a jam thermometer is available, boil jam to
104°C. Marmalade should be boiled to 106°C.
If a jam thermometer is not available, remove
pan from heat, place sample of jam on a cold
dish and cool quickly (i.e. in a freezer or frozen
food storage compartment of a refrigerator).
When cold, it will crinkle and hold the mark of a
finger run through it, if it is ready.
7. The scum should be removed as soon as
possible after setting point has been reached.
Marmalade should be allowed to cool before
potting to prevent the peel rising.
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