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ADDITIONAL INGREDIENT NOTES
Important: Exact measurements for ingredients are the most important part of baking. It is the key to getting great texture
and consistency in your bread. Make sure to measure all ingredients exactly.
BAKING POWDER
Double-acting baking powder is a leavening agent used in quick breads and cakes. This type of leavening
agent does not require rising time before baking, as chemical reaction works when liquid ingredients
are added and again during baking process.
BAKING SODA
Baking soda is another leavening agent, not to be confused or substituted for baking powder.
It also does not require rising time before baking, as chemical reaction works during baking process.
EGGS
Eggs add richness and velvety texture to bread dough and cakes. When recipe calls for egg(s),
large egg(s) at room temperature should be used.
FATS
Butter, margarine and oil shorten or tenderize the texture of yeast breads. French bread gets unique
crust and texture from the lack of added fat. However, breads that call for fat stay fresh longer.
If butter is used directly from refrigerator, it should be cut into small pieces for easier blending
during kneading process.
LIQUIDS
All liquids should be warm 80ºF/27ºC to 90°F/32°C for all recipes. Liquids, such as milk, water or a
combination of powdered milk and water, can be used when making bread. Milk will improve flavor,
provide velvety texture and soften the crust, while water alone will produce a crispier crust. Vegetable
or fruit juices and potato water may be used for flavor variety.
SALT
Salt is necessary to balance flavor in breads and cakes; it also limits growth of yeast. Changing the
amount of salt in a given recipe may result in shorter, gummier bread. When first making a type of
bread, do not increase or decrease amount of salt shown in the recipe.
SUGAR
Sugar is important for color and flavor of breads. It also serves as food for yeast since it the supports
fermentation process. Recipes in this book that call for sugar require granulated sugar.
Important: Do not substitute powdered sugar. Artificial sweeteners cannot be used as substitute,
as yeast will not react properly with them.